Sociology and Why young people commit crime

Sociology and Why young people commit crime Sociology, along with certain other multidisciplinary focuses, provides a number of reasons for why young people commit crimes. Chief amongst these is a lack of employment, the breakdown of the family, urban decay, social disenchantment, social alienation, drug abuse, and a host of others. For example, it had been proposed that integration be viewed through patterns of role relationships  [1]  however on the other hand it had been argued that new legal powers essentially comprise an extension of punitiveness underpinned by stigmatising and pathologies constructions of working class families.  [2]  In both cases, separated by a number of years, a number of factors are to blame the state, parents, and so on but little if any answers are proposed. Sociology in its broadest forms offers a prescriptive view of the world and this can leave it lacking when tasked with answering questions that arise out of its interests but which its interests cannot qualify. As a 2006 study on you th crime in nova Scotia put it, youth crime is multifaceted. On the one hand, most youth commit crime, and most typically grow out of crime as they age. Longitudinal studies further suggest there are several risk factors that place certain youth at increased risk of offending. At the same time, there are youth with many risk factors who never participate in offending behaviour while there are youth with few risk factors who have established criminal careers.  [3]  It is here that sociology comes unstuck, unable to handle the sheer multi affectedness of youth crime with an academic outlook that seeks to place youth into easily identifiable boxes. It is here That criminology, psychology, psychiatry, and social policy step in to try and make sense of this multiplicity and advise on policies which can both decrease the number of youths committing crimes, whilst encouraging those already in such a position to leave it behind. According to most commentators, growing out of crime is on the increase. Furthermore, a lot of youth crime is to a certain extent, to be expected, quite aside for reasons of social delinquency. The establishment of the new youth justices system was a reaction to this fact. As sociologists noted that certain levels of delinquency were normal, a new policy entered in the UK that sought to treat all crimes as punishable by a formal criminal justice sanction. The effects of this have been to label a young offender as an offender from an early age. On youths, this has a number of effects. The first is to further entrench criminality into the culprit, whilst the other aims to encourage the youth of the pointlessness of crime , providing punishments that equal the crime, but that also aim to dissuade against further criminal acts. Questions also arise about how to differentiate between males and females. Goldson and Muncie  [4]  note that women tend to grow out of crime earlier than boys. Whilst a sociological approach to this seeks to question why this may be, the criminological approach must make do with knowing that after the age of 18, youth offending begins to fall, particularly self-reported offending. As youths mature, they tend to swap certain crimes for others. Thus shoplifting and burglary decrease whilst fraud and workplace theft increase as they enter the labour market. These are questions best answered by the statistician than the sociologist. Theories that rely on concepts of individual pathology are redundant in the light of sociological developments in criminology. In recent years, there has been a wholesale turning away from concepts of individual pathology in sociology, necessitated by advancements in criminology which place a greater social burden on the reasons for crime. Haines draws a contrast between individualised explanations of criminal behaviour and approaches which seek to place crime in its situational and social context.  [5]  However, the positivist view that Darwinian notions of physiognomy may in some way be responsible for defining characteristics of a criminal are by now very outdated. More modern theories of criminality, derived in part from sociological studies, but also from the dismantling of the Darwinian myth of universal positivism, have led researchers to take the view that criminals are made, rather than born. That means that they are socialized in a society that views criminal behaviour as entirely rational and in keeping with the social and cultural norms of that milieu. Whilst exceptions still abound, particul arly in the case of the clinically, ill, this view informs much policy thinking and policies aimed at reducing youth crime. There are of course exceptions to this, but they remain very much the exception. Individual pathology is so closely linked with the notion of pathology that it is too universal, cutting across all classes, as to be specific enough to the rigours of criminological profiling. Criminology in its current incarnation looks at why crime exists in society and in order to do that, it needs to look at the ills of society. Taking their cues from Marx and Engels, the modern idea of criminology seeks to give answers that look at social questions as much as pathological ones. Accordingly, the individual pathology model is a control oriented ideology which serves to locate the causes of problems in specific individuals and which supplies the relevant knowledge and understanding to develop the appropriate technologies and social policies for controlling deviant members. Crimi nological theorizing thereby becomes a means of providingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a means of legitimating current policies which become justified as forms of treatment rather than punishment.  [6]  In this argument, the archaic individual pathology view becomes not only outdated, but also unfairly punitive, prescribing a series of judgments upon a larger, unclassifiable group. It strips the moral imperative from those enlisted to uphold it, and takes an awkwardly narrow view of society as a whole.

Is Poetry Dead Essay

Yes, poetry is dead to some extent. Poetry in the classical sense is dead anyway, but there is still poetry in today’s society. We may not look at it in the same way we did years ago because it has changed. We as a society do not take the time to read as we once did, to understand and enjoy literary text. I agree with Wexler’s statements â€Å"we have become lazy and lack the knowledge, commitment, and patience to understand and enjoy poetry. † I myself do not understand poetry and do not want to take the time to read enough of it to understand it. According to Wexler â€Å"It is difficult to imagine a world without movies, plays, novels and music, but a world without poems doesn’t have to be imagined. † It is difficult to imagine such a thing but if we look closely we might find poetry in all of those places. Today’s society is a fast-paced one and the entertainers have adapted to this way of life. They make novels into short stories on film, leaving out critical parts in the novel, to appease our appetites for entertainment on a tight schedule. â€Å"My interest waned,† writes Wexler. â€Å"On the surface, I suppose it was because I had other interests that demanded my time and attention: I got married, had children, pursued my career, bought a house. With apologies to Frost, I began to find more relevance in articles about interest rates than essays on the sprung rhythm of Hopkins. † With the computer age comes less time to sit and read for pure entertainment. There are video games, internet and such that replace the enjoyment of a good book. People do not sit and discuss a good book as they once did; we discuss the latest movie or play instead, because we feel that these things take up less of our time than reading. I myself only read when I need to and even then I usually skim through to get the highlights. But as to the art of poetry being dead all together as Wexler’s states I disagree. We can find poetry everywhere if we look. Look at some of the modern music of today’s society it is there form of poetry. According to Kay Day, â€Å"I have a theory about that, one that rests on the fact that poetry has splintered into a number of different factions. There is poetry for the page, a type of poetry that appeals to those who enjoy scholarship and intellectual challenges. Then there’s slam poetry, popular among youth, that relies on thumping rhythm and aggressive rhyme. Formal poets espouse rhythm and meter based on traditional forms such as the sonnet. Personal poetry, also known as journal poetry, serves up stockroom emotions in a variety of forms, and this poetry usually reflects the writer’s emotional state in a familiar way. † I agree with this statement the world has changed and evolved to view poetry in many different lights. Some food for thought, in doing research I also found a couple of articles that I found interesting and another reason that poetry could not be dead. Victor Infante, â€Å"If Wexler had made one iota of effort, he’d have noticed a few things: like thousands upon thousands of people attending recent poetry festivals in locales as diverse as Orange County, California, and Austin, Texas†¦ Or the 10,000 people who attend the National Poetry Slam Finals annually†¦ Or the fact that poetry sales have been rising for years now, even through the bad economy. Poetry has actually transformed over the years, and it’s quite possible that Wexler has missed the boat. So, Bruce, here’s the crash course: Poetry is no longer insular — it’s a living, growing, vibrant art form. Poetry is no longer the province of the white middle class — it’s been embraced by youths and minorities. Poetry is not uncool — why else would teenage black kids in inner cities so proudly proclaim themselves poets? † Justin Barrett, â€Å"We have done away with the oral tradition and our culture morphed into a televised tradition. Poetry doesn’t work well in the televised world, and it all but disappeared. But, with the advent and spread of the internet, poetry is once again given the space to flourish. As of right this second, Googling the word â€Å"poetry† yields 19,700,000 separate hits. † Works Cited Day, Kay. â€Å"Why Poetry† First publication, â€Å"Uncommon Ground,† at Jacksonville. com, the Florida Times-Union Net site, July 15, 2003 http://kayday. com/why_poetry. htm Infante, Victor. â€Å"Once Again, Poetry Is Dead? It must be true, because Newsweek said it† 2004-2005 Atlanticrock. com http://www. atlanticrock. com/OpenMic001. html Barrett, Justin. â€Å"Poetry Isn’t Cool† http://www. myfavoritebullet. com/ESSAY_barrett_POETRY_isnt_COOL. html.

Digital Natives and Social Media

Abstract  emma  Conference  2013   Bournemouth  University Digital  Natives  and  Social  Media An Empirical Study about the Importance of Social Media and its Impact on   Media Communication Author(s)   Prof. Dr. Mike Friedrichsen Stuttgart Media University Media Business and Media Economics [email  protected]? stuttgart. de (email for correspondence! ) Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Muhl? Benninghaus Humboldt University Berlin Department CulturalAn Empirical Study about the Importance of Social Media and itsImpact on Media Communication Keywords:   Digital Natives, Social Media, Social Networking, Media Communication, Flow of Information, Use of Social Media Digital Natives are the generation born during or after the general introduction of digital technology. While individuals from elder generations recall organizing, planning and interacting withone another without mobile devices, computers or the Internet, Digital Natives have been using these technologies since th eir early years.They  are  the  same,  but   different  to  previous  generations. Digital   Natives   have   an   inherent   understanding   of   digital   technologies,   as   they’ve   been   integrated  into  their  lives  since  early  childhood. They  are  part  of  a  tech? savvy  generation  at   the   forefront   of   technological   progress   and   want   to   be   connected   when   they   wish,   from   anywhere. Now  graduated  from  secondary  education,  the  first  generation  of  Digital  Natives   is  entering  the  working  world  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  and  transforming  it  at  a  fast  pace. Technology   has   been   integrated   into   the   lives   of   Digital   Natives

Early To Bed and Early to Rise Makes a Man Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise Essay Example

Early To Bed and Early to Rise Makes a Man Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise Essay Example Early To Bed and Early to Rise Makes a Man Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise Paper Early To Bed and Early to Rise Makes a Man Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise Paper Medical science has verifiable and documented evidence regarding the bad effects of sleep deprivation on our bodies. Some of the side effects are irritability, shorter attention spans, sluggishness, and the feeling of being tired all day even if you take a nap in the afternoon. This is because the human body requires a full eight hours of sleep in order to recharge the equivalent of our internal rechargeable batteries as well as allow our various organs to gain some much needed rest after a long and tiring day of constant use. The human body runs in cycles with its highest energy points being after a well rested night of sleep and its low point being at the end of the day when our body begins to lag in terms of energy, or, when we lack sleep. Getting the full 8 hours of sleep is vital to our daily function as a person because it allows us to become more productive and conducive to the various new events unfolding around us that enter our brain and add to our knowledge. When we sleep early, the brain manages to rest and process all the data of the day in a way that makes it useful to us in the coming days. This is why sleeping early makes a man Wise. Sleeping early is also beneficial to our heart because at a certain point during the night, our body automatically goes into rest mode and all our body functions slow down in order to give the heart time to rest. That means our heart needs to rest for 8 hours also. Sleep is of vital importance in keeping our body healthy. Allow me to explain the need to sleep a full 8 hours in order to get the benefits out of life further by using myself as an example. When I was working the fire watch duty at the Chevron Refinery Company, I was usually assigned to the graveyard shift from 6 PM to 6 AM in the morning. Driving home was a dangerous activity for me because I was so sleep deprived that I often found myself dozing off at the wheel. Mentally, I knew I had to drive home safely in order to rest. Physically, my body just wanted to sleep anywhere it was comfortable to do so. Such as in the soft seat of my car. After a few weeks of working the graveyard shift, my body forced me to accept the fact that I could not go on that way. I began to get leg cramps, and I developed an eating disorder and stomach problems due to the out of proper time that I was having my meals. But those were just the start of the problems brought on by my sleep deprivation. At home, I became moody and temperamental. I am usually a kind father but I then found myself constantly yelling at my son and become physical with him for the slightest infractions that did not deserve a beating. I was becoming an abusive mother because I was not sleeping properly. I was not being Wise. It was now becoming a psychological problem for me as well because I was always exhausted from working and just wanted to sleep when everyone else around me was awake. I fell behind in my household chores as well and left the house unkempt with the laundry undone. I no longer cared about how I or my clothes looked. I began to look unhealthy to most people and I cannot say I blame them for thinking that I was having health issues at the time. I certainly looked my worst when I was working that graveyard shift. Imagine seeing a person with oily hair, bad skin, and looking in bad need of a soak in the tub. That is how I looked physically. Not a pretty sight caused by sleep deprivation. Eventually, I realized that I did not like the person I was becoming all because I lacked sleep and was tired all the time. I quit my graveyard shift job and have been sleeping regularly now. Everyone has noticed the change the added sleep hours has given me. When they ask me what I did, tell them with a smile, â€Å"Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. †

What You Dont Know About Making Decisions Example

What You Dont Know About Making Decisions Example What You Don't Know About Making Decisions – Article Example What You Need to Know About Making Decisions College What You Need to Know About Making Decisions Making decisions is an attempt that many companies and institutions fail in many instances. Many companies collapse when the leaders take on individual approaches that constantly lead them to generating poor results. Leaders in business and organizations perceive decision making the wrong way. The main explanation for this is the fact that they have a tendency of treating decision making as an event of advocacy. This simply implies to decision making in a distinct moment in time. However, the reality is that making decisions is never a short event. On the other hand, it is a progression that develops in days, weeks and months or years of inquiry. Making decision needs enough time of preparedness where a leader takes his or her time to make inquiries about a problem and in the end comes up with the best way out. This should include the application of constructive conflict, consideration a nd closure. These are factors that break down the inquiry process of decision making. With constructive conflict, leaders take their time to involve every member of staff in collaborative discussion/consideration and critical thinking where balanced argument finally helps them come up with influential decision1.In conclusion, decision making requires backing from the rest of the company members. Furthermore, particularly when it comes to executing decisions. This is for the reason that studies show that the number of business leaders who come up with good decisions and those who fail to are outstanding. Leaders who stick to making decisions alone, on impulse and without adequate preparedness often fail to meet their set goals in businesses. On the other hand, leaders who take their ample time to make inquiries, prepare well, engage in collaborative discussions and constructive conflict often make solid decisions that amount to tangible results.BibliographyDavid A. Garvin and Michael A. Roberto (2009) What You Dont Know About Making Decisions (HBR OnPoint Enhanced Edition)

Death and Dying Process and Rituals in the Asian Culture Essay

Death and Dying Process and Rituals in the Asian Culture - Essay Example After the death of an elderly member of the family, celebrations or events such as weddings may be postponed. The closest members of the individual are supposed to grieve the longest and the amount of grief expressed is supposed to be equal to how close the person was to that individual. In terms of bereavement, men are allowed to openly cry during a family gathering after the death but only the women are supposed to cry and express their grief during the funeral ceremonies while the men are supposed to remain stoic (Leach, 2006). The right to die changes from culture to culture and while some cultures such as Japan may accept a person’s decision to end his/her life, others such as China may frown upon it (Leach, 2006). Some Buddhist patients may actually refuse to seek medical attention due to an acceptance of pain, suffering and even death as a part of their karma. This can lead to a situation where a medical practitioner may have to stop treatment at the request of a patient. Numrich et. al. (2006) report that such patients may have to be reminded that Karma can be both good and bad therefore they should accept treatment as a part of their good karma just as they accept pain as a part of bad karma. When individuals are supposed to maintain stoic attitudes, the lack of expression of grief may cause them to become depressed. This depression could be a problem both for the person who knows s/he is going to die as well as the individuals who are around him/her (NASP, 2003). However, belief in sprits as well as an afterlife for most of the Asian culture does provide some comfort since death itself may be seen as nothing more than change and a transfer from this world to the next (Lobar et. al., 2006). In such situations, families come together to form support groups and ease the mourning process for the individuals who are left behind. However, for the widows, the process can

What makes a property sustainable and how could we increase the Essay - 1

What makes a property sustainable and how could we increase the percentage of the building stock that is sustainable - Essay Example This calls for efficiency in technology supply and change in lifestyles in managing the type and resources present in a country. The usage of resources further depends on the environmental awareness, learning experiences, the value and availability of the resource, type of household and normative pressure. Property sustainability is affected by product manufacturing and assembly, building structure, maintenance system, waste disposition, material extraction, and replacement (Bulg, Leimgruber, Huni and Scholz 2009). The 2008 financial crisis that hit the world led to weakening of the housing markets and vulnerable populations, and this called for planners to redesign programs that promote sustainable home ownership. The move helped to lower risks, protect the environment while assuring robust returns to investors as they are less prone to shortfalls in returns. The major concern is usually technology, ecology and green performance. This implies that social infrastructure should be able to satisfy the present generation while posing no threat to the future generation. Thus, sustainable property should enable human systems in realizing their capabilities without posing any social inequality (Lorenz and Lutzkendorf 2005). The increase in carbon dioxide emissions is propelled by the energy used by people in heating, lighting and running the daily activities. Given that these emissions pose a serious and adverse effect on the climate change, an effective remedy to this menace needs to be developed. In this effect, initiatives that ensure that homes minimize the use of energy through building of sustainable property help to combat the emissions. Facilitated by the Sustainable Home Code, planners have introduced the buildings are constructed upon codes that enhance a greener way of living thus benefiting the society at large. There has been